IT support in emergency remote teaching in response to COVID-19

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic hit the German education system unexpectedly and forced its universities to shift to Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). The Data Integration Center (DIC) of the University Hospital Magdeburg and the Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics (IBMI) has developed a concept based on existing structures that can be quickly implemented and used by the Medical Faculty at Otto von Guericke University. This manuscript focuses on the IT support for lecturers, which allows them to concentrate on teaching their lessons, although the authors are aware that this is only a small part of the entire subject. Additionally, there is a great awareness that ERT can never replace well-structured in-person classes. Concept: The key feature of the concept uses the well-working management system for all physical rooms of the university by designing a virtual video conference room for every physical room. This allows high interactivity for lectures and seminars while applying proven teaching methods. Additionally, a collaboration software system to document all lessons learned and a technical support team have been available for the teaching staff. Courses with a hands-on approach require more personal interaction than lectures. Therefore, the issues of practical trainings have not been solved with this concept, but been tackled by using questionnaires and minimizing contacts during attestations. Applied IT tools: The concept’s requirements were met by Zoom Meetings, Confluence, HIS/LSF and Moodle. Discussion and Conclusion: The concept helped the lecturers to provide high-quality teaching for students at universities. Additionally, it allows for a dynamic response to new needs and problems. The concept will be reviewed as part of a higher Universal Design for Learning concept and may support lecturers in the following semesters in hybrid meetings with real and virtual attendees.


Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic arrived in Germany just before the start of the summer semester 2020 and caused dramatic change in traditional teaching at German universities [1], which had mostly been based on in-person classes. This report focuses on a concept which enabled the Medical Faculty of the Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg to provide as many courses as possible using IT resources. Building on an existing minimal e-learning structure and experiences with virtual conference tools, the main goal was to provide the lecturers in cooperation with the Studies Office with an IT infrastructure they could use almost effortlessly to provide the students with their existing teaching materials. Therefore, the authors decided to talk to the lecturers at a meta-level about their main needs and IT skills before developing a fast and user-friendly generic IT solution for everyone.
The authors want to emphasize that Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) [2] as applied in this case can never replace a well-thought-out step-by-step process adapting each part of the teaching chain [3]. Nonetheless, the COVID-19 crisis afforded a new insight into different IT solutions that provide the technical basis for teaching a large part of the required materials instead of shutting down the university completely to make the required methodological adaptations. The different requirements and the corresponding IT solutions are described below.

Administration
To put the concept decribed above into practice, the authors decided to use the university room bookings system for all existing physical rooms (LSF; [http://his.de]) to administrate the virtual rooms as well: a video conference room, which is permanently open and secured by a uniform password, was assigned to every physical room. Each physical room in the database is now directly linked to its corresponding video conference room. This has led to only a minimal change in the workflow and the workload of the University room bookings team. The concept was demonstrated to the lecturers online, which was recorded for future use. For additional technical support of the Medical Faculty, the Data Integration Center (DIC) of the University Hospital Magdeburg and the Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics (IBMI) provided and trained a small four-person team that documented all lessons learned and recorded tutorial videos to provide and increase sustainable knowledge within the teaching staff using the collaboration software.

Lectures/seminars
Most of the modern lecture strategies require at least a minimal interaction between lecturers and students. Therefore, this video conference solution permits showing the presentation of the lecturers and providing them with rights to unmute students for questions or comments. Another advantage is the possibility of using the same solution for lectures and seminars with high interactivity. However, the high number of students in medical courses requires licenses for at least 250 participants that might attend a lecture at the same time. Some lecturers are used to interacting more intensively with their students. They like to keep them alert and attentive by asking questions and involving them in possible medical decisions. For this, a standardized poll with generic answers (a, b, c, d, ...) was developed with regard to the content of the slides shown by the lecturers. To enable students to work in smaller groups, the virtual room can be split up by the lecturer.

Practical trainings
Practical trainings and medical demonstrations can hardly be completely virtualized. One concept is to work in small groups to comply with social distancing rules. Additionally, in certain cases initial attestations via video had already reduced the number of contacts. As an alternative solution, experiments can be performed with various typical parameters and be recorded by a training supervisor. Afterwards, the students decide on the best steps to proceed with the experiment and obtain results by answering a questionnaire. Then they continue their work and log the results. Some of these experiments have been transformed into a step-by-step online course providing experimental data that relies on the individual decisions.

IT tools
Software solutions matching the requirements presented above were Zoom Meetings, a videoconferencing tool, Confluence, a collaboration software from Atlassian, and Moodle, an already established learning platform for questionnaires of the practical trainings.

Discussion
The concept has been more successful than expected (considering that this was ERT) not least because of the high motivation (also shown in figure 1 by the usage statistics from selected virtual rooms) and creativity of the lecturers themselves, optimizing and developing concepts for their own applications. Nonetheless, there were different typical misunderstandings in the beginning, i.e. lecturers were worried about overbooking the virtual rooms -just like they might worry about overbooking physical rooms. Hence, the team added some more rooms with an open calendar, which can be booked spontaneously and easily. A first short evaluation by 24 lecturers against the background of ERT appreciated our intuitive solution. Lecturers noticed a higher attendance rate and asked for more customizable rooms for individual teaching in the future. Criticism was mainly voiced about the information provided beforehand to the lecturers. Hence, more information and video clips were provided in the collaboration software. Another criticism was the poor technical equipment, which has been neglected at our hospital just like at other German institutions in the past years [4]. The good students' marks in exams and their very positive feedback were surprising. Noteworthy, the students supported each other a lot, leading to lower central technical support from University institutions. The support level decreased massively as time went by, from around 8 hours per week in the beginning to just some calls at the end of the semester. In general, the IT support mainly focused on the videoconferencing tool. The focus of this short manuscript is on IT support for lecturers. When physical attendance was necessary, i.e. during patient contacts or exams, the IT team was less able to provide support. Several other aspects are not covered in this report. Among them are privacy laws, students' perspectives, the sudden change of didactic methods and a higher workload in clinical daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic [4]. An obvious aspect of security should however be noted: in the summer semester, no non-authorized attendees were documented. Once, a password was leaked to an external person. The problem was solved within a few hours by changing the password. In conclusion, ERT cannot substitute personal contact, but it can prevent a complete shutdown of education institutions. Additionally, this "enforced experiment" has stimulated online education to supplement traditional teaching in the future.

Outlook
In the near future, the authors want to collect some more feedback to create a Universal Design for Learning concept [2] which includes IT infrastructure in preparation of future emergency teaching events. The authors are convinced that hybrid methods are possible with some of the participants attending in person while others participate virtually.